[5] This year also marks the 27th anniversary of the Hazara massacre in Afshar by the Islamic State of Afghanistan government led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, its allied Ittihad-i Islami, and Shuray-e-Nazar-e Shamal militias who killed more than 2,000 Hazara families. For more than a century, the Hazaras have experienced ethnic cleansing, slavery, land grabbing, unwarranted taxes, looting, and pillaging of homes, which have systematically excluded them from the government, economic opportunities, and social dynamics. The Hazara people’s place of origin is Hazarajat, a region in Afghanistan. Out of 132,000 families, 10,000 to 15,000 Hazara families fled the country to northern Afghanistan, Mashhad (Iran) and Quetta (Pakistan), and 7,000 to 10,000 Hazaras submitted to Abdur Rahman, and the rest fought until they were defeated. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E., Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, However, the British on account of their superior position, secretary for foreign affairs of the British India, Henry Durand, arrived in Kabul to talk to Abdur Rahman Khan. anniversary of the Hazara massacre in Afshar by the Islamic State of Afghanistan government led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, its allied Ittihad-i Islami, and Shuray-e-Nazar-e Shamal militias who killed more than 2,000 Hazara families. By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 21 April 1893. Thousands of men, women, and children were sold as slaves in the markets of Kabul. A Abdur Rahman Khan created misleading propaganda against all Hazaras, oppressing and marginalizing them with an impact that is still rooted in the structure and systems of government. In “The Hazaras and the Afghan State,” Ibrahimi analyzes Afghanistan’s state-building as a historical reconstruction that relies on dynamics of selection and exclusion in distribution of state power, which results in ethnic hierarchies of power. This letter was supposedly a “confession” of the Hazara genocide from 1891-93 and distribution of Hazara lands to Pashtun refugees and the thousands of Hazaras who were sold as slaves. Hazara women and children were sold as slaves to the Pushtuns particapating in the blood bath as a reward. In the late 19th century, the Hazara people launched a series of uprisings against Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, one of the British empire’s pawns, who attempted to bring Hazarajat under his control. The Hazara people’s place of origin is Hazarajat, a region in Afghanistan. By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, 6 January 1893. By the 1890s, a large Hazara community had settled in the Pakistani city of Quetta in the south-western province of Balochistan, having fled brutal persecution under the regime of Emir Abdur Rahman Khan. D.No.85 F. No.300 F.C., dated Sibi, 25 February 1893. ʻAbd al-Rahman Khan (1844‒1901) ruled Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. News.D.No.29 F. No.26 F.C.,dated Camp Jacobabad, 14 January 1893. In April 2018, I visited my family in Kabul and I asked family members to visit the Junbesh-e Roshanaye memorial. [1], Others claim that Hazaras began leaving their hometown of Hazarajat due to poverty and in search of employment mostly in the 20th century. By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Taki Khan, To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. [14] Small pockets of resistance continued to the end of the year as government troops committed atrocities against civilians and deported entire villages. News-letter No.21, I started teaching English classes at Payam-e-Sahar when I was 13 years old, and it marked the beginning of my work to rebuild my homeland. In 1901, Habibullah Khan, Abdur Rahman's successor, granted amnesty to all people who were exiled by his predecessor. When Abdur Rahman Khan became the ruler of Afghanistan, he favored the Pashtun people and despised the Hazara people leading to the death of 60% of the Hazara population. Fisher Gernman LLP conducted a survey that showed a powerline route through Bamyan was best positioned to serve communities in need. As a response to our protest, Mohseni’s supporters attacked Marefat School because it taught democracy — an idea that granted equal rights to women. Later, during the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901), the boundaries of present-day Afghanistan were demarcated by the British and Russian empires to create a buffer zone with a minimal involvement of the Afghan rulers. My family was thrilled to return to Afghanistan from decades of displacement in Pakistan to rebuild our country because we believed in and lived by the values of democracy. News. My father wrote a letter to former President Hamid Karzai about the poor security in our community, which he had the opportunity to read to the president directly. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E., Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, Their ethnicity is easily identifiable due to their physical features. ©2021 Copyright ©2019 The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights/The Leadership Conference Education Fund. 177 F.C., dated Sibi, 6 February 1893. Hazara farmers were often forced to give up their property to Pashtuns and as a result many Hazara families had to leave seasonally to the major cities in Afghanistan, Iran, or Pakistan in order to find jobs and a source of income. [1] It is estimated that more than 60%[20] of the Hazara population were massacred or displaced during Abdur Rahman's campaign against them. [21] Most of these Hazaras immigrated to neighbouring Balochistan, where they were provided permanent settlement by the government of British India. However, in April 2016, the government announced a plan to change the route from Bamyan to the Salang Pass at the Hindu Kush Mountains, which connected Kabul to an existing power distortion line from the Central Asian Republics.[2]. News.D.No.48 F. No.124 F.C.,dated Sibi, 27 January 1893. The “Vizier’s Daughter” is a book written by Lillias Hamilton, a court physician to Amir Abdur Rahman Khan in Afghanistan in the 1890s. The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan ʻAbd al-Rahman Khan (1844‒1901) ruled Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. To this date, Pashtuns comprise the largest ethnic in Afghanistan, while the Hazara is about 20 percent of the population and have faced constant persecution from the Pashtuns. To-The Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department. We had to carve out a way to connect people to the outside world. Quetta in Pakistan is home to the third largest settlements of Hazara outside Afghanistan. My family was thrilled to return to Afghanistan from decades of displacement in Pakistan to rebuild our country because we believed in and lived by the values of democracy. Post-911, the United States’ presence in Afghanistan came with the idea of democracy, freedom of speech, and human and civil rights. In the era of democracy, the absence of police and security operations in the capital of Afghanistan with Hazara majority residents was unacceptable. This Masters thesis examines how the Amir of Afghanistan Abdur Rahman Khan (who reigned 1980-1901) legitimized his campaign of extermination on the Hazara people of Afghanistan and as well as an analysis on the reaction from the Hazaras. He launched several campaigns in the Hazarajat due to resistance from the Hazaras, and he conducted a genocidewhich included killing and raping of Hazaras. On July 23, 2016, two suicide bombers targeted a peaceful rally at the Deh Mazang Square of Kabul. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, News.D.No.186 F. No.2257, Quetta, 28 April 1893, It is estimated that during his rule, he killed the 63% of Hazaras. From-Major-General Sir James Browne, K.C.S.I.,C.B.,R.E.,Agent to the governor-general in Baluchistan, This was a genocide. London backed newspaper documenting the selling of 10,000 Hazaras as slaves in Cabul. The structural discrimination against the Hazaras is not a new phenomenon. In late 19th century, Emir of Afghanistan, Abdur Rahman Khan exterminated more than 60% of literate Hazara population. Afghans successfully resisted their control and maintained their independence. All rights reserved. On November 12, 1893, King Abdur Rahman Khan and Sir Henry Mortimer Durand (British Envoy) agreed on seven points known as Durand Line Agreement to demarcate the line between Afghanistan and British India approximately 2,640 kilometers long (presently much of Baluchistan, large parts of the Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Province and the whole of the Federally … The Junbesh-e Roshanaye Memorial is on top of a hill in the 13. My father wrote a letter to former President Hamid Karzai about the poor security in our community, which he had the opportunity to read to the president directly. Quetta’s geography made it the safest & nearest place for the Hazara population that was persecuted in Afghanistan from the time of King Abdur Rahman Khan. They were halted from their uprising because they had a shortage of food. [10] After the revolt unfolded; Hazara tribal leaders like Muhammad, Karbala-i-Raza and others were arrested after trying to flee. Battles, The third uprising of Hazara was in response to excessive taxation,[7][8] starting in early 1893. These classes were eye-opening and ignited a fire of hope among the new generation, while also sparking fear among religious entities such as Muhamad Asif Mohseni. For other people with the same given name, see Abdur Rahman (disambiguation). T We must ensure democracy by securing every vote at home first in order to advocate for the values of fairness and equity elsewhere. Hazara continued to face severe social, economic and political discrimination through most of the 20th century. [9] The provincial forces responded to the revolt with military force; in this response the Hakim of Gizu reported to the governor general of balochistan that General Mir Atta Khan at Gizu committed "great excesses" in Gizu. By Khan Bahadur Mirza Muhammad Takki Khan, 26 August 1893. In April 2009, my friends and I joined a peaceful demonstration against the Shia Family Law, proposed by Mohseni, a national law that legalized rape and banned women from getting an education and work outside their homes. Post-911, the United States’ presence in Afghanistan came with the idea of democracy, freedom of speech, and human and civil rights. To this date, Pashtuns comprise the largest ethnic in Afghanistan, while the Hazara is about 20 percent of the population and have faced constant persecution from the Pashtuns. [1] 68% of the Beshud Hazara tribe was killed or displaced by the Amir's crackdown. Abdur Rahman Khan (Pashto: عبدالرحمن خان‎) (between 1840 and 1844 – October 1, 1901) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. Former President Karzai understood this issue and he established an Afghan National Police office in the 13, Nahid Paiman is a policy assistant at The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Niamatuallah Ibrahimi, The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition (London: C. Hurst & Company, 2016), Ibrahimi, The Hazaras and the Afghan State, B. "[4] In 1894 802 Hazara leaders who survived the rebellion were killed or exiled after being captured. Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual nation, but only the Pashtun ethnicity has ruled the country throughout kingdoms and presidencies. It is deeply rooted in Afghanistan’s history. The migration of the Hazara community to Baluchistan is 150 years old, the most recent wave was triggered by the Taliban government in Afghanistan after 1996. He was the third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan. A safe and secure election will be a promise fulfilled for the allies of democracy such as the Hazaras. In 1933 King Mohammed Nadir Khan … My students were all older than me, but we had to start from somewhere. In the era of democracy, the absence of police and security operations in the capital of Afghanistan with Hazara majority residents was unacceptable. Massacre of Hazaras in Afghanistan (1993 - 2001) ... Habibullah Khan (son of Abdur Rahman Khan) Letter, 1901 ; Religious decrees calling Hazaras infidels and to be killed [ more in Download section] The 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras occurred when the Treaty of Gandomak was signed and the Second Anglo-Afghan … I know a Pashtun whose family lives in an area where a tower was built by Abdur Rahman Khan with the skulls of the villager’s elders (and they were all Pashtun). anniversary of mass murder of the Hazaras by Taliban in Mazar-e-Sharif where 10,000 Hazara civilians were brutally murdered. Abdur Rahman khan, known as the iron Amir is considered the founding father of the modern Afghanistan. News. 27 January 1893. News-letter No.20, In the late 19th century, the Hazara people launched a series of uprisings against Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, one of the British empire’s pawns, who attempted to bring Hazarajat under his control. 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