The proposed first landing near La Venta is in the Olmec heartland which can reasonably accommodate the Jaredite destruction narrative including a likely hill Ramah/Cumorah. So, any name La Venta carried in Book of Mormon times is much more likely to have been Jaredite or Mulekite than Nephite. 425 BC) says they did. Tabasco is in the northern tier of a viable land southward as the text requires and the Usumacinta area had wilderness characteristics when the Mulekites first arived. and went with others to a place in the Western Hemisphere that they called the land of Mulek . Communication was almost non-existent. 600 BC, the Phoenicians and the Greeks were in a major competition to settle the entire Mediterranean shoreline and establish trading colonies. Well, Israel, of course, silly! Given what we know of Phoenician settlement patterns in the Old World, we would expect them to favor a city site close to the seacoast at a good harbor or along a large river downstream from the fall line. This turns out to be no small task, because the term Lamanite is used in several different senses in the scriptures to describe a particular racial lineage, a political/religious group, a covenant people, etc.. The Usumacinta in Tabasco and northern Chiapas is such a setting. Their histories were parallel in many ways. Several lines of reasoning about the Mulekite ocean voyage across the Atlantic point to Tabasco, Mexico, as likely landing locations. If La Venta stone carvings do not represent Mulekite/Olmec interaction, they show people with physical features similar to those we would expect in a Mulekite population visiting the Olmec capital at about the time the Mulekites arrived in the New World. Think London on the Thames, Alexandria on the Nile and Shanghai on the Yangtze. Most serious Book of Mormon geographers consider the Mexican states of Tabasco and Chiapas to be part of the … The Lamanites "marched to the borders of the land Bountiful, driving the Nephites before them and slaying many" (Alma 51:28). The Mulekites, however, are clearly indicated in the Book of Mormon to have first landed on the east coast of the “Land Northward” part of its area (quite surely the Gulf Coast portion of the ancient high-culture area known as Mesoamerica). Tracks became impossible to follow after only a few days, . Phoenicians could have sailed from the Old World to the Americas ca. The Mulekites landed in the area where the Jaredites lived … Such behavior is simply atypical of first generation settlers arriving by sea. This map shows Greek colonies in blue and Phoenician colonies in red. Later on, it was hard enough to cross to separate the Nephites, who went north to join the Mulekites, from their Lamanite enemies to the south. . Movement by water is so much more energy efficient than overland cartage, that historic settlement patterns favor the area downstream from the head of navigation. Moroni invited the Lamanite army to "meet them upon the plains between the two cities" (Alma 52:20). 0. by Nephi and other New World scribes. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCliMKFrhnpYVk4RrMudzrxw. Former Nephites introduced writing to the Lamanites, , which fueled an immediate economic boom. No one in the Mulekite community had enough experience with Jaredite culture to translate Coriantumr's stela. The model predicts the second Mulekite landfall was at the mouth of the Usumacinta which led to settlement immediately upstream of the permanent wetlands. Groups got lost as they traveled or attempted to travel between the two lands, . Where do ocean-going migrants typically locate first generation cities? People even got lost trying to find their way back home, . The Mulekites landed twice, once in the land northward near the place where the Jaredites were destroyed. The Caribbean is an overwhelmingly likely landing place for any ancient voyage passing through the Straits of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands on its way to the Americas. Ether's plates (historical records), together with the decayed remains from the final Jaredite battle were later found by a group of lost Nephites who were searching for the city of Zarahemla ( Mosiah 8:8-11 ). Very little information is really given about the Mulekites, who, by descent, outnumbered the Nephites. Coriantumr must have died among the Mulekites after this, because Ether’s prophetic curse (Ether 13:21) specified that Coriantumr “should only live to see…another people receiving the land for their inheritance; and…receive a burial by them”. 600 BC. Answer: The most likely place for the Mulekites to have founded their city was in a coastal plain, on the navigable portion of a major river, upstream from the seasonal floods in the delta but not beyond the head of navigation at the fall line. They lived on the margins of and somewhat isolated from the strong influence of the Jaredite culture core. They must have investigated the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River and the mouth of the Mezcalapa-Grijalva which at that time ran where the Tonala River flows today. PARALLELS: Mesoamerican and Ancient Middle Eastern Traditions, Decoding Ancient America: A Guide to the Archaeology of the Book of Mormon, Mesoamerica and the Book of Mormon, Is This the Place? Answer: No. The social strife between these groups, often hinted at throughout the Book of Mormon, provides a warning for modern readers. . To substantiate this, theorists claim they, particularly the Mulekites, were brought by the Phoenicians--who had operated successfully in the Mediterranean, establishing a number of colonies along the northern coast of Africa, the most famous being Carthage an 814 BC colony of Tyre, situated on a hilly promontory overlooking the Mediterranean, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is … Combining different societies, just as the Nephites and Mulekites did, takes patience and humility. 11 And again, they have brought swords, the hilts thereof have perished, and the blades thereof were cankered with rust; and there is no one in the land that is able to interpret the language or the engravings that are on the plates. Many journeys suffered delays or outright failure because the guides became disoriented and could not decide which way to go. This correlation represents a convergence of several lines of reasoning: The Mediterranean Port City, Sidon, in Context, Philip Beale, British Banker Turned Explorer, Phoenicia, Working Phoenician Ship Replica, Phoenicia Circumnavigation of Africa 2009-2010, Proposed Mulekite Landfall, Settlement in Context, Columbus, Heyerdahl, and Phoenicia Expeditions, 93 Human Powered Voyages that Followed Transatlantic Ocean Currents, La Venta Stela 3 Excavated by Matthew Stirling in 1943, Bearded Foreigner Depicted on La Venta Monument 13, Photo by Linda Schele, Greek (Blue) and Phoenician (Red) Colonies ca. Amaleki makes this perfectly clear that the Mulekites land in the area where Mosiah found them (Omni 1:16). Now, after seeing the Nephites flee and be slain, Coriantumr became courageous in his heart and went out to march against the whole land, for he had the capital which was the stronghold of the land. The Nephites taught the Mulekites their language and united to become one people, appointing Mosiah to be their king. Known historical examples of transatlantic ocean voyages made under circumstances similar to those the Mulekites would have encountered strongly suggest passage through the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. We are told very little about the Mulekites, whose journey may have … Finally, the Mulekites show us that the Book of Mormon was written by real people with real social challenges. The Jaredite final battles had a massive casualty count. The wicked plan to slay the righteous if Samuel’s signs are not given. The Route of the Mulekites We now turn our attention to another group of Jewish refugees who also made their way to America at about the same time as Lehi, the Mulekites. Ca. There is a good reason why the Mulekites would have stopped in Iowa, across from Nauvoo. The Mulekites did not land in the Land Northward and did not know the Jaredites except for Coriantumr whom they did not understand his language nor his writing. Think Boston on the Charles, New York on the Hudson, Philadelphia on the Delaware and Augusta on the Savannah. It remained a mystery to them until Mosiah I come down to Zarahemla from Nephi with the interpreters which allowed him to read Coriantumr's inscription. The Mulekites “At this time,” explained John W. Welch, “the land of Zarahemla had become a very diverse place because of several major demographic changes.”2 First, there had been the merger of the Nephites and the Mulekites two generations earlier (Omni 1:12–19). 22. Rian Nelson - January 17, 2021. Alma, in describing the city Bountiful, wrote that Bountiful was “so far northward that it came into the land which had been peopled and been destroyed …, which was discovered by the people of Zarahemla the Mulekites, it being the place of their first landing.” (Alma 22:30.) 550 BC, Proposed Zarahemla in the Coastal Plain Between Swamps and Mountains, Proposed Mulekite Landfall 60 Air Kilometers from Likely Ramah/Cumorah, Dozens of Known Archaeological Sites in the Olmec Heartland. Mulek, a Book of Mormon character, son of Zedekiah, escaped the sack of Jerusalem (587 B.C.) The west sea land Bountiful bordered the west sea, extended northward from the narrow strip of wilderness, and was located south from and adjacent to Desolation. The Mulekites did not migrate very far away from their original homeland in Zarahemla, . Desolation was located on the southern part of the land northward and bordered the same Nephite west sea. They were discovered by Mosiah (Omni 1:14) several centuries after their arrival. and the land north was called Mulek, which was after the sons of Zedekiah; for the Lord did bring Mulek into the land north, . Subsequent travel happened intermittently, but the routes were not yet well-established. Even less is known about their history or their journey to America. Omni 1:22 his first parents came out from the … The “Mulekites” (a term never used in the Book of Mormon) are barely mentioned in the Nephite record. The land southward was divided into the land north where Mulek landed and the land south where Lehi landed Helaman 6:10. This of course required a route across the Atlantic Ocean, not the Pacific. The people of Zarahemla are thus often referred to as Mulekites. 484 BC - ca. When the Mulekites arrived in the Promised Land, the Jaredites constituted a high majority of the people. and 250 B.C. As Itzhak Perlman is to Violonists, the Book of Mo... Phoenicians could have circumnavigated Africa ca. Prior to Alma’s arrival in Zarahemla, the Nephite people in Zarahemla wearied Mosiah with requests to send an expedition to find out what became of the people of Zeniff, for they had heard nothing from them. . Zoramites = Cherokee Mulekites = Algonquian Hagoth = Polynesians. People who had been on the trail recently and more or less knew the way still did a lot of wandering around, . With the River Sidon identified, we can go on to identify the location of the City and Land of Zarahemla. Known Phoenician settlement patterns in the Mediterranean during Mulekite times accommodate an initial landfall in Tabasco with a capital city on a large navigable river. So, in summary, the SNHAAPMT model which has passed a rigorous audit with a perfect score of 100% places the first Mulekite landfall at the mouth of the ancient Grijalva, modern Tonala river not far from La Venta. All the indigenous people in the Western Hemisphere came from Israel at one time or another. The settlers traveled along the Gulf Coast of Mexico and eventually settled in the areas of Campeche and Chiapas on the southeast side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. up to the Jaredite destruction, estimated to be between 400 B.C. Coriantumr lived the last few months of his life among a strange people, . The SNHAAPMT model correlates the city of Zarahemla with the ancient pre-classic site of Nueva Esperanza/Calatraba in northern Chiapas. The Mulekites crossed the ocean to the New World sometime after the Babylonians captured Jerusalem. We may surmise that because the Lamanites and robbers occupied the Western Seashore, the Mulekites would have avoided them and ventured inland, no doubt following the Buffalo River as they went. How did the Mulekites lose their language? When Mosiah was commanded by the Lord to leave the land of Nephi he and his group traveled in the wilderness, being led by the Lord, until they found the land of Zarahema. This is the famous La Venta Stela 3 dubbed the "Uncle Sam" stela which dates to 600 - 550 BC. Mosiah translates Coriantumr's record. Then, after a huge leap forward in time, two migrations took place that were almost contemporaneous. 422-423, The Book of Helaman, Chapter II) The northern group, called Mulekites in their land of Zarahemla, were separated from the Nephites by the mountain range in the wilderness strip which goes from sea to sea. Mosiah receives a record from the Mulekites - the account of Coriantumr and the Jaredite people, whom the Mulekites had discovered. Later a region was named for Zarahemla, a descendant of Mulek (Mosiah 25:2). The proposed first Mulekite landing near La Venta in the Olmec heartland could reasonably have been proximate to the massive destruction mentioned in, Some Book of Mormon modelers over the years have tried to correlate La Venta with the city of Mulek based on the likely Mulekite/Olmec interaction in the Olmec capital recorded on stone monuments such as Stela 3 and the Nephite cultural pattern of naming cities after their founder. It is the first place up the Mississippi river from the Gulf Coast that, historically, was impassable for large ships, due to the Des Moines rapids located just south of there. To produce a map that shows where the Lamanites of the world are located today, the mapmaker must first decide exactly what a Lamanite is. Their languages evolved to become so dissimilar that at initial contact they could not understand each other. First were the Jaredites, who left their homeland after the scattering at the Tower of Babel. Coriantumr was later discovered by the people of Zarahemla (Mulekites), with whom he lived for "nine moons" . This would make the journey from the land of Nephi to the land of the Mulekites a total of twenty days. Using his record and the fragments given by others, we see that the Mulekites were essentially contemporary with the Lehites and appeared to have been in the promised land almost as long. , then coasting along the Gulf of Campeche. By. Nephite or Mulekite, Whos Culture Dominated? Extract from Step by Step Through the Book of Mormon by Alan C. Miner, Copyright © 2021, Book of Mormon Archaeological Forum, The Jaredites & Mulekites were contemporaries for about 200 years until the Jaredite collapse. The Mulekites almost certainly did not abandon their ocean-going vessel(s) and portage their goods inland past the fall line on their river of choice. Upstream areas tend to remain "wilderness" for generations. 600 BC just as Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 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